German Words and Phrases for Speaking Business

Conversing in German is one thing, but conducting business in German if youre not a native  speaker can be a bit challenging. Here are some examples of terms you may encounter when doing business in a German-speaking country, listed alphabetically. Business-related German Vocabulary Accountant  der Buchhalter/die Buchhalterin   Ã‚  Certified public accountant (CPA)  m.  der Wirtschaftsprà ¼fer   Ã‚  Certified public accountant (CPA)  f.  die Wirtschaftsprà ¼ferin   Ã‚  Tax accountant (certified tax advisor)  m.  der Steuerberater   Ã‚  Tax accountant (certified tax advisor)  f.  die Steuerberaterin   Audit  n.  die Bilanzprà ¼fung  (-en),  die Rechnungsprà ¼fung  (-en)   Ã‚  Field audit (tax)  die Außenprà ¼fung   Ã‚  Tax audit  die Steuerprà ¼fung Audit division/office  der Rechnungshof Audit  v.  die Bilanz prà ¼fen Auditor  der Bilanzprà ¼fer  (-),  die Bilanzprà ¼ferin  (-nen),  der Rechnungsprà ¼fer,  der Steuerprà ¼fer  (tax) Auto-reply, out-of-office auto-reply  n.  die Abwesenheitsnotiz,  die Eingangsbestà ¤tigung Balance (sheet)  fin.  die Bilanz  (-en) Balanced  adj.bilanziert Bank  n.  die Bank  (-en) Board  n.  der Vorstand,  der Ausschuss,  das Gremium   Ã‚  Board of directors  der Vorstand   Ã‚  To be on the board  im Vorstand sitzen/sein   Ã‚  Board of governors  der Verwaltungsrat/der Aufsichtsrat   Ã‚  Board of trustees  der Beirat Board meeting  die Vorstandssitzung  (-en) Boardroom  der Sitzungssaal  (-sà ¤le) Business  das Geschà ¤ft  (-e),  die Wirtschaft,  die Branche,  der Betrieb  (-e),  das Unternehmen Cash  n.  das Bargeld   Ã‚  Cash advance  der Vorschuss   Ã‚  Cash dispenser/machine  der Geldautomat   Ã‚  Cash or charge?  Zahlen Sie bar oder mit Karte?   Ã‚  Cash point  Br.  die Kasse   Ã‚  To pay cash  bar bezahlen Certified public accountant (CPA)  m.  der Wirtschaftsprà ¼fer  (-) Certified public accountant (CPA)  f.  die Wirtschaftsprà ¼ferin  (-nen) Certified tax advisor  m.  der Steuerberater  (-) Certified tax advisor  f.  die Steuerberaterin  (-nen) Client  law  der Mandant  (-en),  die Mandantin  (-nen) Client  der Klient  (-en),  die Klientin  (-nen) Client, customer  der Kunde  (-n),  die Kundin  (-nen) Credit, loan  der Kredit   Ã‚  Tetter of credit  der Kreditbrief  (-e)   Ã‚  On credit  auf Kredit Credit balance  der Kontostand Debt  die Schuld  (-en),  die Verschuldung  (-en)   Ã‚  Debt collection agency  das Inkassobà ¼ro   Ã‚  Debt rescheduling  die Umschuldung   Ã‚  National debt  Staatsschulden  pl.   Ã‚  To be in debt  verschuldet sein Enterprise  das Unternehmen  (-)   Ã‚  A family enterprise/business  ein Familienunternehmen Euro  der Euro  (-)   Ã‚  It costs ten euros  es kostet zehn Euro Exchange (stock)  die Bà ¶rse  (-n) Exchange traded option  bà ¶rsengehandelte Option Firm, company  die Firma  (Firmen) Fiscal year  das Rechnungsjahr Global economy  die Weltwirtschaft Globalization  n.  die Globalisierung Globalize  v.  globalisieren Global trade  der Welthandel Gross  n.  das Gros  (no pl.) Interest  die Zinsen  pl.   Ã‚  Interest bearing  mit Zinsertrag   Ã‚  Interest rate  der Zinssatz  (-sà ¤tze)   Ã‚  To bear/pay 5% interest  5% Zinsen ertragen Investment  die Kapitalanlage  (-n),  die Investition Investment guidelines  die Anlagerichtlinien  (pl.) Investor  der Anleger  (-),  die Anlegerin  (-innen) Invoice  die Rechnung  (-en) Invoice amount  der Rechnungsbetrag Job  der Job  (-s),  die Arbeit  (-en),  die Stelle  (-n) Market  der Markt  (Mà ¤rkte) New Market  Neuer Markt  (Germanys NASDAQ) Portfolio  fin.  das Portfolio  (-s) Premium  fin.  die Prà ¤mie Price  der Preis  (-e) Purchase  v.  kaufen Purchase  n.  der Kauf  (Kà ¤ufe) Purchase order  die Auftragsbestà ¤tigung  (-en) Purchaser, buyer  der Kà ¤ufer  (-),  die Kà ¤uferin  (-innen) Speculation  die Spekulation  (-en) Speculator  fin.  der Spekulant  (-en) Stock exchange/market  die Bà ¶rse  (-n) Subsidiary  die Tochtergesellschaft  (-en) Tax  die Steuer  (-n) (Caution!  Das Steuer  means steering wheel, tiller or helm.) Taxable  steuerbar Trade, trading  n.  der Handel,  die Geschà ¤fte  pl Transaction  n.  die Transaktion Value  der Wert  (-e) Venture capital  n.  das Beteiligungskapital,  das Risikokapital Volatility  die Volatilità ¤t How to Write a German Business Letter The following sample business letter could be used for correspondence in Austria, Germany or Switzerland, if the writer wanted to make an inquiry at the local tourist office in Kirchdorf. Betreff: Hotels und Pensionen in Kirchdorf 4 Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,wà ¼rden Sie mir freundlicherweise 5 eine Liste der Hotels und Pensionen (der mittleren Kategorie) am Ort zusenden? Daneben 6 bin ich an Informationen à ¼ber Busfahrten zu den Sehenswà ¼rdigkeiten 7 der Umgebung im Juli interessiert. Vielen Dank im Voraus!8 Mit freundlichen Grà ¼ÃƒÅ¸en[signature]Johann Mustermann Translation:   Subject: Hotels in Kirchdorf 4 Dear Sir or Madam, Would you kindly send me a list of the five hotels (middle category) in your location? In addition,  I am interested in information on bus trips to local attractions in July. Thanks in advance!   Best regards[Signature]Johann Mustermann German Business Expressions and Phrases Here are some phrases you may want to learn that would be useful in business conversations in German.   Bank/at, in a bank:  Ã‚  die Bank/bei der Bank, in einer Bank Factory/in a factory:  Ã‚  die Fabrik/in einer Fabrik Highrise/in a highrise:  Ã‚  das Hochhaus/in einem Hochhaus Office/in an office:  Ã‚  das Bà ¼ro/im Bà ¼ro, in einem Bà ¼ro Skyscraper/in a skyscraper:  Ã‚  der Wolkenkratzer/in einem Wolkenkratzer Do you have an appointment?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sind Sie angemeldet? I have an appointment at 3 oclock with...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ich habe einen Termin um 3 Uhr mit... Id like to speak with Mr./Mrs. Smith:  Ã‚  Ich mà ¶chte Herrn/Frau Smith sprechen. Can I leave a message?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kann ich eine Nachricht hinterlassen? Dear Madame: (no name)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sehr geehrte gnà ¤dige Frau, Dear Mr. Maier:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sehr geehrter Herr Maier, Lieber Herr Maier, (less formal) Dear Ms./Mrs. Maier:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sehr geehrte Frau Maier, Liebe Frau Maier, (less formal)

Case Analysis Truck Driver And Trucking Company Essay

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Treating Diabetes with Transplanted Cells Essay Example For Students

Treating Diabetes with Transplanted Cells Essay Treating Diabetes with Transplanted Cells Essay Seventy-five years ago the type of diabetes that affected children and young adults was lethal. In the 1990s investigators found that a hormone, that was produced in Islets of Langerhans, was not being produced in diabetes patients. This hormone, called insulin, enables other cells to take up sugar glucose from the blood for energy. Diabetes patients who were not making insulin had glucose from food accumulating in the blood while other tissues were starving. Their are two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes has ceased completely from making insulin and the people who had this kind usually died. Type 2 diabetes still makes a little insulin so suffers of this type usually lived. In the 1920s prospects for people who suffered from type 1 diabetes increased when it was learned that insulin extracted from animals and placed in humans could prevent death. Unfortunately, this is not a cure. Patients can get potentially fatal diabetes-related disorders. These include blindness and, or kidney failure. Atherososclerosis, numbness and pain in extremities caused by narrowed vessicles, may also be a problem. These effects are caused because insulin injections cant perfectly mimic naturally made insulin. Thats why a therapy that maintains glucose values within normal from the begging is needed. An ideal treatment would be the implantation of islets. This, in theory, would only have to be done once and would insure proper insulin production. Successful grafts would also prevent diabete-related ills. At Paul E. Lacys lab, experiments have been done for twenty- five years on such a process. At first they were just trying to understand the mechanics of hormone secretion. To start this they needed a way to separate islet clusters from the pancreas. These constitute only 2% of the entire pancreas, though, and are scattered throughout it. In 1967 they found a solution and took the islets from rats. These islets were transplanted in inbred rats to see if it would control insulin production in diabetes patients. It was a success and kept blood sugar levels normal. It even fixed early complications in the eyes and the kidneys. The next step was to test the process on humans. Unfortunately, the process that was used to separate rat islets from the pancreas did not work on humans. They had to find a new way to solve the problem. The problem took a few years to solve but in the mid 1980s they finally found a semi-automatic method to do it. This method managed to isolate 400,000 islets from the pancreas. It would take just the amount they estimated to maintain the blood sugar level. In 1986 the first experiment started. A lot of immune-suppresent drugs are needed so the foreign tissue would not be rejected. These drugs are risky, though, so the experiment was performed on patients who have had kidney transplants and are already on these drugs. They decided that the best place to place the islets was into the portal vein leading to the pancreas. This would give the islets nourishment from the beginning and would be less risky than placing them directly into the pancreas. The results were encouraging. Subjects were given 400,000 islets and the grafts worked. But it was not enough to stop insulin injection. Later when the islets were increased to 800,000, the insulin injections were able to be stopped, at least for a time. They also learned that the islets could be frozen and stored. Since 1990 about 145 patients have had the process done. Most were unable to control the blood sugar level. Strain on the islets may have been a problem and in some cases enough probably werent used. Doctors are proposing to give these transplants with graphs even though the results werent perfect. The process is less costly and easier than complete pancreas transplantation. .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a , .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a .postImageUrl , .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a , .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a:hover , .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a:visited , .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a:active { border:0!important; } .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a:active , .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud8a6ebebdab9fd6d89c895fc2a47800a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Liability Of A Car Accident Essay Many concepts have been considered though to solve the last part of the problem. One is being looked into by Kevin J. Lafferty. That is, that if you destroy passenger luekocytes, the tissue would not be rejected.This has been attributed to the theory that it takes two signals for host white blood cells to attack foreign agents. These two signals are sent by the passenger luekocytes. Unfortunately, to destroy these luekocytes you also destroy the hormone- producing cells. Joseph M. Davie has devised a culturing technique, though, that kills the passenger luekocytes without hurting the hormone-producing cells. He placed 1,500 treated islets from one rat strain to a portal vein of another. There was no rejection! .